Lifestyle may affect fertility. The high number of sex partners increases the risk of sexually transmitted diseases, resulting in a possible infection of the genital system. Also, smoking increases the risk of primary infertility. Increased consumption of alcohol is also related to the risk of female infertility. Body weight is associated with anovulation and disorders of the hypothalamic function. Excessive exercise and anxiety are also associated with infertility.

Furthermore, some data shows correlation of infertility with the environment at work. Despite the increased concern, men’s exposure to pesticides, lead and other heavy metals, show no effect on sperm parameters.